华为云首页用户手册

弹性云服务器 ECS-搭建网站:搭建数据库

时间：2024-10-17 19:43:35

弹性云服务器 ECS 实施步骤

搭建数据库

安装MySQL

本文档以CentOS 7.2操作系统为例安装MySQL。

远程登录云服务器discuz01，填写用户名和密码。
依次执行以下命令，安装MySQL。
wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

yum -y install mysql-community-server --nogpgcheck

配置MySQL

执行以下命令，启动MySQL服务。
systemctl start mysqld

systemctl enable mysqld

查看MySQL运行状态。

systemctl status mysqld.service

回显信息如下所示：

# systemctl status mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-08-23 10:54:55  CS T; 7s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
 Main PID: 7873 (mysqld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─7873 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

Aug 23 10:54:49 ecs-adc3-420652-aed6 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Aug 23 10:54:55 ecs-adc3-420652-aed6 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

执行以下命令，获取安装MySQL时自动设置的root用户密码。
grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
回显如下类似信息。
```
2021-08-16T11:33:37.790533Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ;8nPd29lhs,k
```

执行以下命令，并按照回显提示信息进行操作，加固MySQL。

mysql_secure_installation

Securing the MySQL server deployment.

Enter password for user root: #输入上一步骤中获取的安装MySQL时自动设置的root用户密码
The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.

New password: #设置新的root用户密码

Re-enter new password: #再次输入密码
The 'validate_password' plugin is installed on the server.
The subsequent steps will run with the existing configuration of the plugin.
Using existing password for root.

Estimated strength of the password: 100
Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N #是否更改root用户密码，输入N

... skipping.
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.

Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y #是否删除匿名用户，输入Y
Success.

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y #禁止root远程登录，输入Y
Success.

By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y #是否删除test库和对它的访问权限，输入Y
- Dropping test database...
Success.

- Removing privileges on test database...
Success.

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y #是否重新加载授权表，输入Y
Success.

All done!

执行以下命令，再根据提示输入数据库管理员root账号的密码进入数据库。
mysql -u root -p
执行以下命令，使用MySQL数据库。
use mysql;
执行以下命令，查看用户列表。
select host,user from user;

此命令及以下数据库语句均以分号结尾，请勿忽略。
执行以下命令，刷新用户列表并允许所有IP对数据库进行访问。
update user set host='%' where user='root' LIMIT 1;
执行以下命令，强制刷新权限。允许同一子网中设置为允许访问的云服务器通过私有IP对MySQL数据库进行访问。
flush privileges;
执行以下命令，退出数据库。
quit
执行以下命令，重启MySQL服务。
systemctl restart mysqld
执行以下命令，设置开机自动启动MySQL服务。
systemctl enable mysqld
执行以下命令，关闭防火墙。
systemctl stop firewalld.service
重新查看防火墙状态是否为关闭。
systemctl status firewalld