搜索表 在不使用索引的情况下也可以进行全文检索。 一个简单查询：将body字段中包含america的每一行打印出来。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 openGauss=# DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS tsearch CASCADE; openGauss=# CREATE SCHEMA tsearch; openGauss=# CREATE TABLE tsearch.pgweb(id int, body text, title text, last_mod_date date); openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(1, 'China, officially the People''s Republic of China (PRC), located in Asia, is the world''s most populous state.', 'China', '2010-1-1'); openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(2, 'America is a rock band, formed in England in 1970 by multi-instrumentalists Dewey Bunnell, Dan Peek, and Gerry Beckley.', 'America', '2010-1-1'); openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(3, 'England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west.', 'England', '2010-1-1'); openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(4, 'Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands.', 'Australia', '2010-1-1'); openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(6, 'Japan is an island country in East Asia.', 'Japan', '2010-1-1'); openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(7, 'Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a sovereign state and federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe.', 'Germany', '2010-1-1'); openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(8, 'France, is a sovereign state comprising territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories.', 'France', '2010-1-1'); openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(9, 'Italy officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe.', 'Italy', '2010-1-1'); openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(10, 'India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia.', 'India', '2010-1-1'); openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(11, 'Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.', 'Brazil', '2010-1-1'); openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(12, 'Canada is a country in the northern half of North America.', 'Canada', '2010-1-1'); openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(13, 'Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a federal republic in the southern part of North America.', 'Mexico', '2010-1-1'); openGauss=# SELECT id, body, title FROM tsearch.pgweb WHERE to_tsvector('english', body) @@ to_tsquery('english', 'america'); id | body | title ----+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------- 2 | America is a rock band, formed in England in 1970 by multi-instrumentalists Dewey Bunnell, Dan Peek, and Gerry Beckley. | America 11 | Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. | Brazil 12 | Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. | Canada 13 | Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a federal republic in the southern part of North America. | Mexico (4 rows) 像America这样的相关词也会被找到，因为这些词都被处理成了相同标准的词条。 上面的查询指定english配置来解析和规范化字符串。当然也可以省略此配置，通过default_text_search_config进行配置设置： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 openGauss=# SHOW default_text_search_config; default_text_search_config ---------------------------- pg_catalog.english (1 row) openGauss=# SELECT id, body, title FROM tsearch.pgweb WHERE to_tsvector(body) @@ to_tsquery('america'); id | body | title ----+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------- 2 | America is a rock band, formed in England in 1970 by multi-instrumentalists Dewey Bunnell, Dan Peek, and Gerry Beckley. | America 11 | Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. | Brazil 12 | Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. | Canada 13 | Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a federal republic in the southern part of North America. | Mexico (4 rows) 一个复杂查询：检索出在title或者body字段中包含north和america的最近10篇文档： 1 2 3 4 5 6 openGauss=# SELECT title FROM tsearch.pgweb WHERE to_tsvector(title || ' ' || body) @@ to_tsquery('north & america') ORDER BY last_mod_date DESC LIMIT 10; title -------- Canada Mexico (2 rows) 为了清晰，举例中没有调用coalesce函数在两个字段中查找包含NULL的行。 以上例子均在没有索引的情况下进行查询。对于大多数应用程序来说，这个方法很慢。因此除了偶尔的特定搜索，文本搜索在实际使用中通常需要创建索引。 父主题： 表和索引

搜索表 在不使用索引的情况下也可以进行全文检索。 一个简单查询：将body字段中包含america的每一行打印出来。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 openGauss=# DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS tsearch CASCADE; openGauss=# CREATE SCHEMA tsearch; openGauss=# CREATE TABLE tsearch.pgweb(id int, body text, title text, last_mod_date date); openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(1, 'China, officially the People''s Republic of China (PRC), located in Asia, is the world''s most populous state.', 'China', '2010-1-1'); openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(2, 'America is a rock band, formed in England in 1970 by multi-instrumentalists Dewey Bunnell, Dan Peek, and Gerry Beckley.', 'America', '2010-1-1'); openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(3, 'England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west.', 'England', '2010-1-1'); openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(4, 'Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands.', 'Australia', '2010-1-1'); openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(6, 'Japan is an island country in East Asia.', 'Japan', '2010-1-1'); openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(7, 'Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a sovereign state and federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe.', 'Germany', '2010-1-1'); openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(8, 'France, is a sovereign state comprising territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories.', 'France', '2010-1-1'); openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(9, 'Italy officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe.', 'Italy', '2010-1-1'); openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(10, 'India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia.', 'India', '2010-1-1'); openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(11, 'Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.', 'Brazil', '2010-1-1'); openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(12, 'Canada is a country in the northern half of North America.', 'Canada', '2010-1-1'); openGauss=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(13, 'Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a federal republic in the southern part of North America.', 'Mexico', '2010-1-1'); openGauss=# SELECT id, body, title FROM tsearch.pgweb WHERE to_tsvector('english', body) @@ to_tsquery('english', 'america'); id | body | title ----+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------- 2 | America is a rock band, formed in England in 1970 by multi-instrumentalists Dewey Bunnell, Dan Peek, and Gerry Beckley. | America 12 | Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. | Canada 13 | Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a federal republic in the southern part of North America. | Mexico 11 | Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. | Brazil (4 rows) 像America这样的相关词也会被找到，因为这些词都被处理成了相同标准的词条。 上面的查询指定english配置来解析和规范化字符串。当然也可以省略此配置，通过default_text_search_config进行配置设置： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 openGauss=# SHOW default_text_search_config; default_text_search_config ---------------------------- pg_catalog.english (1 row) openGauss=# SELECT id, body, title FROM tsearch.pgweb WHERE to_tsvector(body) @@ to_tsquery('america'); id | body | title ----+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------- 11 | Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. | Brazil 2 | America is a rock band, formed in England in 1970 by multi-instrumentalists Dewey Bunnell, Dan Peek, and Gerry Beckley. | America 12 | Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. | Canada 13 | Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a federal republic in the southern part of North America. | Mexico (4 rows) 一个复杂查询：检索出在title或者body字段中包含north和america的最近10篇文档： 1 2 3 4 5 6 openGauss=# SELECT title FROM tsearch.pgweb WHERE to_tsvector(title || ' ' || body) @@ to_tsquery('north & america') ORDER BY last_mod_date DESC LIMIT 10; title -------- Mexico Canada (2 rows) 为了清晰，举例中没有调用coalesce函数在两个字段中查找包含NULL的行。 以上例子均在没有索引的情况下进行查询。对于大多数应用程序来说，这个方法很慢。因此除了偶尔的特定搜索，文本搜索在实际使用中通常需要创建索引。 父主题： 表和索引

搜索表 在不使用索引的情况下也可以进行全文检索。 一个简单查询：将body字段中包含science的每一行打印出来。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS tsearch CASCADE; CREATE SCHEMA tsearch; CREATE TABLE tsearch.pgweb(id int, body text, title text, last_mod_date date); INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(1, 'Philology is the study of words, especially the history and development of the words in a particular language or group of languages.', 'Philology', '2010-1-1'); INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(2, 'Mathematics is the science that deals with the logic of shape, quantity and arrangement.', 'Mathematics', '2010-1-1'); INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(3, 'Computer science is the study of processes that interact with data and that can be represented as data in the form of programs.', 'Computer science', '2010-1-1'); INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(4, 'Chemistry is the scientific discipline involved with elements and compounds composed of atoms, molecules and ions.', 'Chemistry', '2010-1-1'); INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(5, 'Geography is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of the Earth and planets.', 'Geography', '2010-1-1'); INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(6, 'History is a subject studied in schools, colleges, and universities that deals with events that have happened in the past.', 'History', '2010-1-1'); INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(7, 'Medical science is the science of dealing with the maintenance of health and the prevention and treatment of disease.', 'Medical science', '2010-1-1'); INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(8, 'Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, and its main goal is to understand how the universe behaves.', 'Physics', '2010-1-1'); SELECT id, body, title FROM tsearch.pgweb WHERE to_tsvector('english', body) @@ to_tsquery('english', 'science'); id | body | title ----+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------- 2 | Mathematics is the science that deals with the logic of shape, quantity and arrangement. | Mathematics 3 | Computer science is the study of processes that interact with data and that can be represented as data in the form of programs. | Computer science 5 | Geography is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of the Earth and planets. | Geography 7 | Medical science is the science of dealing with the maintenance of health and the prevention and treatment of disease. | Medical science (4 rows) 像science这样的相关词也会被找到，因为这些词都被处理成了相同标准的词条。 上面的查询指定english配置来解析和规范化字符串。也可以省略此配置，通过default_text_search_config进行配置设置： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 SHOW default_text_search_config; default_text_search_config ---------------------------- pg_catalog.english (1 row) SELECT id, body, title FROM tsearch.pgweb WHERE to_tsvector(body) @@ to_tsquery('science'); id | body | title ----+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------- 2 | Mathematics is the science that deals with the logic of shape, quantity and arrangement. | Mathematics 3 | Computer science is the study of processes that interact with data and that can be represented as data in the form of programs. | Computer science 5 | Geography is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of the Earth and planets. | Geography 7 | Medical science is the science of dealing with the maintenance of health and the prevention and treatment of disease. | Medical science (4 rows) 一个复杂查询：检索出在title或者body字段中包含treatment和science的最近10篇文档： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 SELECT title FROM tsearch.pgweb WHERE to_tsvector(title || ' ' || body) @@ to_tsquery('treatment & science') ORDER BY last_mod_date DESC LIMIT 10; title -------- Medical science (1 rows) 为了清晰，举例中没有调用coalesce函数在两个字段中查找包含NULL的行。 以上例子均在没有索引的情况下进行查询。对于大多数应用程序来说，这个方法很慢。因此除了偶尔的特定搜索，文本搜索在实际使用中通常需要创建索引。 父主题： 表和索引

搜索表 在不使用索引的情况下也可以进行全文检索。 一个简单查询：将body字段中包含science的每一行打印出来。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS tsearch CASCADE; CREATE SCHEMA tsearch; CREATE TABLE tsearch.pgweb(id int, body text, title text, last_mod_date date); INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(1, 'Philology is the study of words, especially the history and development of the words in a particular language or group of languages.', 'Philology', '2010-1-1'); INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(2, 'Mathematics is the science that deals with the logic of shape, quantity and arrangement.', 'Mathematics', '2010-1-1'); INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(3, 'Computer science is the study of processes that interact with data and that can be represented as data in the form of programs.', 'Computer science', '2010-1-1'); INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(4, 'Chemistry is the scientific discipline involved with elements and compounds composed of atoms, molecules and ions.', 'Chemistry', '2010-1-1'); INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(5, 'Geography is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of the Earth and planets.', 'Geography', '2010-1-1'); INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(6, 'History is a subject studied in schools, colleges, and universities that deals with events that have happened in the past.', 'History', '2010-1-1'); INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(7, 'Medical science is the science of dealing with the maintenance of health and the prevention and treatment of disease.', 'Medical science', '2010-1-1'); INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(8, 'Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, and its main goal is to understand how the universe behaves.', 'Physics', '2010-1-1'); SELECT id, body, title FROM tsearch.pgweb WHERE to_tsvector('english', body) @@ to_tsquery('english', 'science'); id | body | title ----+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------- 2 | Mathematics is the science that deals with the logic of shape, quantity and arrangement. | Mathematics 3 | Computer science is the study of processes that interact with data and that can be represented as data in the form of programs. | Computer science 5 | Geography is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of the Earth and planets. | Geography 7 | Medical science is the science of dealing with the maintenance of health and the prevention and treatment of disease. | Medical science (4 rows) 像science这样的相关词也会被找到，因为这些词都被处理成了相同标准的词条。 上面的查询指定english配置来解析和规范化字符串。也可以省略此配置，通过default_text_search_config进行配置设置： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 SHOW default_text_search_config; default_text_search_config ---------------------------- pg_catalog.english (1 row) SELECT id, body, title FROM tsearch.pgweb WHERE to_tsvector(body) @@ to_tsquery('science'); id | body | title ----+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------- 2 | Mathematics is the science that deals with the logic of shape, quantity and arrangement. | Mathematics 3 | Computer science is the study of processes that interact with data and that can be represented as data in the form of programs. | Computer science 5 | Geography is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of the Earth and planets. | Geography 7 | Medical science is the science of dealing with the maintenance of health and the prevention and treatment of disease. | Medical science (4 rows) 一个复杂查询：检索出在title或者body字段中包含treatment和science的最近10篇文档： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 SELECT title FROM tsearch.pgweb WHERE to_tsvector(title || ' ' || body) @@ to_tsquery('treatment & science') ORDER BY last_mod_date DESC LIMIT 10; title -------- Medical science (1 rows) 为了清晰，举例中没有调用coalesce函数在两个字段中查找包含NULL的行。 以上例子均在没有索引的情况下进行查询。对于大多数应用程序来说，这个方法很慢。因此除了偶尔的特定搜索，文本搜索在实际使用中通常需要创建索引。 父主题： 表和索引

创建索引 为了加速文本搜索，可以创建GIN索引。 1 CREATE INDEX pgweb_idx_1 ON tsearch.pgweb USING gin(to_tsvector('english', body)); to_tsvector()函数有两个版本，只输一个参数的版本和输两个参数的版本。 只输一个参数时，系统默认采用default_text_search_config所指定的分词器。 创建索引时必须使用to_tsvector的两参数版本，否则索引内容可能不一致。只有指定了分词器名称的全文检索函数才可以在索引表达式中使用。因为索引的内容不受default_text_search_config的影响。由于default_text_search_config的值可以随时调整，从而导致不同条目生成的tsvector采用了不同的分词器，并且无法区分究竟使用了哪个分词器。正确地转储和恢复这样的索引也是不支持的。 在上述创建索引中to_tsvector使用了两个参数，只有当查询时也使用了两个参数，且参数值与索引中相同时，才会使用该索引。例如，WHERE to_tsvector('english', body) @@ 'a & b' 可以使用索引，但WHERE to_tsvector(body) @@ 'a & b'不能使用索引。这确保索引各条目是使用相同的分词器创建的。 索引中的分词器名称由另一列指定时可以建立更复杂的表达式索引。例如： 1 CREATE INDEX pgweb_idx_2 ON tsearch.pgweb USING gin(to_tsvector('zhparser', body)); 本示例中zhparser仅支持UTF8/GBK的数据库编码格式，在Encoding为SQL_ASCII下会报错。 其中body是pgweb表中的一列。当对索引的各条目使用了哪个分词器进行记录时，允许在同一索引中存在混合分词器。在某些场景下这将是有用的。例如，文档集合中包含不同语言的文档时。再次强调，打算使用索引的查询必须措辞匹配，例如，WHERE to_tsvector(config_name, body) @@ 'a & b'与索引中的to_tsvector措辞匹配。 索引甚至可以连接列： 1 CREATE INDEX pgweb_idx_3 ON tsearch.pgweb USING gin(to_tsvector('english', title || ' ' || body)); 另一个方法是创建一个单独的tsvector列控制to_tsvector的输出。下面的例子是title和body的连接， 当其它是NULL的时候，使用coalesce确保一个字段仍然会被索引： 1 2 ALTER TABLE tsearch.pgweb ADD COLUMN textsearchable_index_col tsvector; UPDATE tsearch.pgweb SET textsearchable_index_col = to_tsvector('english', coalesce(title,'') || ' ' || coalesce(body,'')); 然后为加速搜索创建一个GIN索引： 1 CREATE INDEX textsearch_idx_4 ON tsearch.pgweb USING gin(textsearchable_index_col); 现在，就可以执行一个快速全文搜索了： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 SELECT title FROM tsearch.pgweb WHERE textsearchable_index_col @@ to_tsquery('science & Computer') ORDER BY last_mod_date DESC LIMIT 10; title -------- Computer science (1 rows) 相比于一个表达式索引，单独列方法的一个优势是：它没有必要在查询时明确指定分词器以便能使用索引。正如上面例子所示，查询可以依赖于default_text_search_config。另一个优势是搜索比较快速，因为它没有必要重新利用to_tsvector调用来验证索引匹配。表达式索引方法更容易建立，且它需要较少的磁盘空间，因为tsvector形式没有明确存储。 父主题： 表和索引

搜索表 在不使用索引的情况下也可以进行全文检索。 一个简单查询：将body字段中包含science的每一行打印出来。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS tsearch CASCADE; CREATE SCHEMA tsearch; CREATE TABLE tsearch.pgweb(id int, body text, title text, last_mod_date date); INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(1, 'Philology is the study of words, especially the history and development of the words in a particular language or group of languages.', 'Philology', '2010-1-1'); INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(2, 'Mathematics is the science that deals with the logic of shape, quantity and arrangement.', 'Mathematics', '2010-1-1'); INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(3, 'Computer science is the study of processes that interact with data and that can be represented as data in the form of programs.', 'Computer science', '2010-1-1'); INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(4, 'Chemistry is the scientific discipline involved with elements and compounds composed of atoms, molecules and ions.', 'Chemistry', '2010-1-1'); INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(5, 'Geography is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of the Earth and planets.', 'Geography', '2010-1-1'); INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(6, 'History is a subject studied in schools, colleges, and universities that deals with events that have happened in the past.', 'History', '2010-1-1'); INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(7, 'Medical science is the science of dealing with the maintenance of health and the prevention and treatment of disease.', 'Medical science', '2010-1-1'); INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(8, 'Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, and its main goal is to understand how the universe behaves.', 'Physics', '2010-1-1'); SELECT id, body, title FROM tsearch.pgweb WHERE to_tsvector('english', body) @@ to_tsquery('english', 'science'); id | body | title ----+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------- 2 | Mathematics is the science that deals with the logic of shape, quantity and arrangement. | Mathematics 3 | Computer science is the study of processes that interact with data and that can be represented as data in the form of programs. | Computer science 5 | Geography is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of the Earth and planets. | Geography 7 | Medical science is the science of dealing with the maintenance of health and the prevention and treatment of disease. | Medical science (4 rows) 像science这样的相关词也会被找到，因为这些词都被处理成了相同标准的词条。 上面的查询指定english配置来解析和规范化字符串。也可以省略此配置，通过default_text_search_config进行配置设置： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 SHOW default_text_search_config; default_text_search_config ---------------------------- pg_catalog.english (1 row) SELECT id, body, title FROM tsearch.pgweb WHERE to_tsvector(body) @@ to_tsquery('science'); id | body | title ----+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------- 2 | Mathematics is the science that deals with the logic of shape, quantity and arrangement. | Mathematics 3 | Computer science is the study of processes that interact with data and that can be represented as data in the form of programs. | Computer science 5 | Geography is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of the Earth and planets. | Geography 7 | Medical science is the science of dealing with the maintenance of health and the prevention and treatment of disease. | Medical science (4 rows) 一个复杂查询：检索出在title或者body字段中包含treatment和science的最近10篇文档： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 SELECT title FROM tsearch.pgweb WHERE to_tsvector(title || ' ' || body) @@ to_tsquery('treatment & science') ORDER BY last_mod_date DESC LIMIT 10; title -------- Medical science (1 rows) 为了清晰，举例中没有调用coalesce函数在两个字段中查找包含NULL的行。 以上例子均在没有索引的情况下进行查询。对于大多数应用程序来说，这个方法很慢。因此除了偶尔的特定搜索，文本搜索在实际使用中通常需要创建索引。 父主题： 表和索引

创建索引 为了加速文本搜索，可以创建GIN索引。 1 CREATE INDEX pgweb_idx_1 ON tsearch.pgweb USING gin(to_tsvector('english', body)); to_tsvector()函数有两个版本，只输一个参数的版本和输两个参数的版本。 只输一个参数时，系统默认采用default_text_search_config所指定的分词器。 创建索引时必须使用to_tsvector的两参数版本，否则索引内容可能不一致。只有指定了分词器名称的全文检索函数才可以在索引表达式中使用。因为索引的内容不受default_text_search_config的影响。由于default_text_search_config的值可以随时调整，从而导致不同条目生成的tsvector采用了不同的分词器，并且无法区分究竟使用了哪个分词器。正确地转储和恢复这样的索引也是不支持的。 在上述创建索引中to_tsvector使用了两个参数，只有当查询时也使用了两个参数，且参数值与索引中相同时，才会使用该索引。例如，WHERE to_tsvector('english', body) @@ 'a & b' 可以使用索引，但WHERE to_tsvector(body) @@ 'a & b'不能使用索引。这确保索引各条目是使用相同的分词器创建的。 索引中的分词器名称由另一列指定时可以建立更复杂的表达式索引。例如： 1 CREATE INDEX pgweb_idx_2 ON tsearch.pgweb USING gin(to_tsvector('zhparser', body)); 本示例中zhparser仅支持UTF8/GBK的数据库编码格式，在Encoding为SQL_ASCII下会报错。 其中body是pgweb表中的一列。当对索引的各条目使用了哪个分词器进行记录时，允许在同一索引中存在混合分词器。在某些场景下这将是有用的。例如，文档集合中包含不同语言的文档时。再次强调，打算使用索引的查询必须措辞匹配，例如，WHERE to_tsvector(config_name, body) @@ 'a & b'与索引中的to_tsvector措辞匹配。 索引甚至可以连接列： 1 CREATE INDEX pgweb_idx_3 ON tsearch.pgweb USING gin(to_tsvector('english', title || ' ' || body)); 另一个方法是创建一个单独的tsvector列控制to_tsvector的输出。下面的例子是title和body的连接， 当其它是NULL的时候，使用coalesce确保一个字段仍然会被索引： 1 2 ALTER TABLE tsearch.pgweb ADD COLUMN textsearchable_index_col tsvector; UPDATE tsearch.pgweb SET textsearchable_index_col = to_tsvector('english', coalesce(title,'') || ' ' || coalesce(body,'')); 然后为加速搜索创建一个GIN索引： 1 CREATE INDEX textsearch_idx_4 ON tsearch.pgweb USING gin(textsearchable_index_col); 现在，就可以执行一个快速全文搜索了： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 SELECT title FROM tsearch.pgweb WHERE textsearchable_index_col @@ to_tsquery('science & Computer') ORDER BY last_mod_date DESC LIMIT 10; title -------- Computer science (1 rows) 相比于一个表达式索引，单独列方法的一个优势是：它没有必要在查询时明确指定分词器以便能使用索引。正如上面例子所示，查询可以依赖于default_text_search_config。另一个优势是搜索比较快速，因为它没有必要重新利用to_tsvector调用来验证索引匹配。表达式索引方法更容易建立，且它需要较少的磁盘空间，因为tsvector形式没有明确存储。 父主题： 表和索引

创建索引 为了加速文本搜索，可以创建GIN索引。 1 gaussdb=# CREATE INDEX pgweb_idx_1 ON tsearch.pgweb USING gin(to_tsvector('english', body)); to_tsvector()函数有两个版本。只输一个参数的版本和输两个参数的版本。只输一个参数时，系统默认采用default_text_search_config所指定的分词器。 请注意：创建索引时必须使用to_tsvector的两参数版本。只有指定了分词器名称的全文检索函数才可以在索引表达式中使用。这是因为索引的内容必须不受default_text_search_config的影响，否则索引内容可能不一致。由于default_text_search_config的值可以随时调整，从而导致不同条目生成的tsvector采用了不同的分词器，并且没有办法区分究竟使用了哪个分词器。正确地转储和恢复这样的索引也是不可能的。 因为在上述创建索引中to_tsvector使用了两个参数，只有当查询时也使用了两个参数，且参数值与索引中相同时，才会使用该索引。也就是说，WHERE to_tsvector('english', body) @@ 'a & b' 可以使用索引，但WHERE to_tsvector(body) @@ 'a & b'不能使用索引。这确保只使用这样的索引——索引各条目是使用相同的分词器创建的。 索引中的分词器名称由另一列指定时可以建立更复杂的表达式索引。例如： 1 gaussdb=# CREATE INDEX pgweb_idx_2 ON tsearch.pgweb USING gin(to_tsvector('ngram', body)); 其中body是pgweb表中的一列。当对索引的各条目使用了哪个分词器进行记录时，允许在同一索引中存在混合分词器。在某些场景下这将是有用的。例如，文档集合中包含不同语言的文档时。再次强调，打算使用索引的查询必须措辞匹配，例如，WHERE to_tsvector(config_name, body) @@ 'a & b'与索引中的to_tsvector措辞匹配。 索引甚至可以连接列： 1 gaussdb=# CREATE INDEX pgweb_idx_3 ON tsearch.pgweb USING gin(to_tsvector('english', title || ' ' || body)); 另一个方法是创建一个单独的tsvector列控制to_tsvector的输出。下面的例子是title和body的连接， 当其它是NULL的时候，使用coalesce确保一个字段仍然会被索引： 1 2 gaussdb=# ALTER TABLE tsearch.pgweb ADD COLUMN textsearchable_index_col tsvector; gaussdb=# UPDATE tsearch.pgweb SET textsearchable_index_col = to_tsvector('english', coalesce(title,'') || ' ' || coalesce(body,'')); 然后为加速搜索创建一个GIN索引： 1 gaussdb=# CREATE INDEX textsearch_idx_4 ON tsearch.pgweb USING gin(textsearchable_index_col); 现在，就可以执行一个快速全文搜索了： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 gaussdb=# SELECT title FROM tsearch.pgweb WHERE textsearchable_index_col @@ to_tsquery('north & america') ORDER BY last_mod_date DESC LIMIT 10; title -------- Canada Mexico (2 rows) 相比于一个表达式索引，单独列方法的一个优势是：它没有必要在查询时明确指定分词器以便能使用索引。正如上面例子所示，查询可以依赖于default_text_search_config。另一个优势是搜索比较快速，因为它没有必要重新利用to_tsvector调用来验证索引匹配。表达式索引方法更容易建立，且它需要较少的磁盘空间，因为tsvector形式没有明确存储。 父主题： 表和索引

搜索表 在不使用索引的情况下也可以进行全文检索。 一个简单查询：将body字段中包含america的每一行打印出来。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 gaussdb=# DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS tsearch CASCADE; gaussdb=# CREATE SCHEMA tsearch; gaussdb=# CREATE TABLE tsearch.pgweb(id int, body text, title text, last_mod_date date); gaussdb=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(1, 'China, officially the People''s Republic of China (PRC), located in Asia, is the world''s most populous state.', 'China', '2010-1-1'); gaussdb=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(2, 'America is a rock band, formed in England in 1970 by multi-instrumentalists Dewey Bunnell, Dan Peek, and Gerry Beckley.', 'America', '2010-1-1'); gaussdb=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(3, 'England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west.', 'England', '2010-1-1'); gaussdb=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(4, 'Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands.', 'Australia', '2010-1-1'); gaussdb=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(6, 'Japan is an island country in East Asia.', 'Japan', '2010-1-1'); gaussdb=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(7, 'Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a sovereign state and federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe.', 'Germany', '2010-1-1'); gaussdb=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(8, 'France, is a sovereign state comprising territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories.', 'France', '2010-1-1'); gaussdb=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(9, 'Italy officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe.', 'Italy', '2010-1-1'); gaussdb=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(10, 'India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia.', 'India', '2010-1-1'); gaussdb=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(11, 'Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.', 'Brazil', '2010-1-1'); gaussdb=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(12, 'Canada is a country in the northern half of North America.', 'Canada', '2010-1-1'); gaussdb=# INSERT INTO tsearch.pgweb VALUES(13, 'Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a federal republic in the southern part of North America.', 'Mexico', '2010-1-1'); gaussdb=# SELECT id, body, title FROM tsearch.pgweb WHERE to_tsvector('english', body) @@ to_tsquery('english', 'america'); id | body | title ----+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------- 2 | America is a rock band, formed in England in 1970 by multi-instrumentalists Dewey Bunnell, Dan Peek, and Gerry Beckley. | America 12 | Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. | Canada 13 | Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a federal republic in the southern part of North America. | Mexico 11 | Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. | Brazil (4 rows) 像America这样的相关词也会被找到，因为这些词都被处理成了相同标准的词条。 上面的查询指定english配置来解析和规范化字符串。当然也可以省略此配置，通过default_text_search_config进行配置设置： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 gaussdb=# SHOW default_text_search_config; default_text_search_config ---------------------------- pg_catalog.english (1 row) gaussdb=# SELECT id, body, title FROM tsearch.pgweb WHERE to_tsvector(body) @@ to_tsquery('america'); id | body | title ----+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------- 11 | Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. | Brazil 2 | America is a rock band, formed in England in 1970 by multi-instrumentalists Dewey Bunnell, Dan Peek, and Gerry Beckley. | America 12 | Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. | Canada 13 | Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a federal republic in the southern part of North America. | Mexico (4 rows) 一个复杂查询：检索出在title或者body字段中包含north和america的最近10篇文档： 1 2 3 4 5 6 gaussdb=# SELECT title FROM tsearch.pgweb WHERE to_tsvector(title || ' ' || body) @@ to_tsquery('north & america') ORDER BY last_mod_date DESC LIMIT 10; title -------- Mexico Canada (2 rows) 为了清晰，举例中没有调用coalesce函数在两个字段中查找包含NULL的行。 以上例子均在没有索引的情况下进行查询。对于大多数应用程序来说，这个方法很慢。因此除了偶尔的特定搜索，文本搜索在实际使用中通常需要创建索引。 父主题： 表和索引

创建索引 为了加速文本搜索，可以创建GIN索引。 1 gaussdb=# CREATE INDEX pgweb_idx_1 ON tsearch.pgweb USING gin(to_tsvector('english', body)); to_tsvector()函数有两个版本。只输一个参数的版本和输两个参数的版本。只输一个参数时，系统默认采用default_text_search_config所指定的分词器。 请注意：创建索引时必须使用to_tsvector的两参数版本。只有指定了分词器名称的全文检索函数才可以在索引表达式中使用。这是因为索引的内容必须不受default_text_search_config的影响，否则索引内容可能不一致。由于default_text_search_config的值可以随时调整，从而导致不同条目生成的tsvector采用了不同的分词器，并且没有办法区分究竟使用了哪个分词器。正确地转储和恢复这样的索引也是不可能的。 因为在上述创建索引中to_tsvector使用了两个参数，只有当查询时也使用了两个参数，且参数值与索引中相同时，才会使用该索引。也就是说，WHERE to_tsvector('english', body) @@ 'a & b' 可以使用索引，但WHERE to_tsvector(body) @@ 'a & b'不能使用索引。这确保只使用这样的索引——索引各条目是使用相同的分词器创建的。 索引中的分词器名称由另一列指定时可以建立更复杂的表达式索引。例如： 1 gaussdb=# CREATE INDEX pgweb_idx_2 ON tsearch.pgweb USING gin(to_tsvector('ngram', body)); 其中body是pgweb表中的一列。当对索引的各条目使用了哪个分词器进行记录时，允许在同一索引中存在混合分词器。在某些场景下这将是有用的。例如，文档集合中包含不同语言的文档时。再次强调，打算使用索引的查询必须措辞匹配，例如，WHERE to_tsvector(config_name, body) @@ 'a & b'与索引中的to_tsvector措辞匹配。 索引甚至可以连接列： 1 gaussdb=# CREATE INDEX pgweb_idx_3 ON tsearch.pgweb USING gin(to_tsvector('english', title || ' ' || body)); 另一个方法是创建一个单独的tsvector列控制to_tsvector的输出。下面的例子是title和body的连接， 当其它是NULL的时候，使用coalesce确保一个字段仍然会被索引： 1 2 gaussdb=# ALTER TABLE tsearch.pgweb ADD COLUMN textsearchable_index_col tsvector; gaussdb=# UPDATE tsearch.pgweb SET textsearchable_index_col = to_tsvector('english', coalesce(title,'') || ' ' || coalesce(body,'')); 然后为加速搜索创建一个GIN索引： 1 gaussdb=# CREATE INDEX textsearch_idx_4 ON tsearch.pgweb USING gin(textsearchable_index_col); 现在，就可以执行一个快速全文搜索了： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 gaussdb=# SELECT title FROM tsearch.pgweb WHERE textsearchable_index_col @@ to_tsquery('north & america') ORDER BY last_mod_date DESC LIMIT 10; title -------- Canada Mexico (2 rows) 相比于一个表达式索引，单独列方法的一个优势是：它没有必要在查询时明确指定分词器以便能使用索引。正如上面例子所示，查询可以依赖于default_text_search_config。另一个优势是搜索比较快速，因为它没有必要重新利用to_tsvector调用来验证索引匹配。表达式索引方法更容易建立，且它需要较少的磁盘空间，因为tsvector形式没有明确存储。 父主题： 表和索引

创建索引 为了加速文本搜索，可以创建GIN索引。 1 postgres=# CREATE INDEX pgweb_idx_1 ON tsearch.pgweb USING gin(to_tsvector('english', body)); to_tsvector()函数有两个版本。只输一个参数的版本和输两个参数的版本。只输一个参数时，系统默认采用default_text_search_config所指定的分词器。 请注意：创建索引时必须使用to_tsvector的两参数版本。只有指定了分词器名称的全文检索函数才可以在索引表达式中使用。这是因为索引的内容必须不受default_text_search_config的影响，否则索引内容可能不一致。由于default_text_search_config的值可以随时调整，从而导致不同条目生成的tsvector采用了不同的分词器，并且没有办法区分究竟使用了哪个分词器。正确地转储和恢复这样的索引也是不可能的。 因为在上述创建索引中to_tsvector使用了两个参数，只有当查询时也使用了两个参数，且参数值与索引中相同时，才会使用该索引。也就是说，WHERE to_tsvector('english', body) @@ 'a & b' 可以使用索引，但WHERE to_tsvector(body) @@ 'a & b'不能使用索引。这确保只使用这样的索引——索引各条目是使用相同的分词器创建的。 索引中的分词器名称由另一列指定时可以建立更复杂的表达式索引。例如： 1 postgres=# CREATE INDEX pgweb_idx_2 ON tsearch.pgweb USING gin(to_tsvector('ngram', body)); 其中body是pgweb表中的一列。当对索引的各条目使用了哪个分词器进行记录时，允许在同一索引中存在混合分词器。在某些场景下这将是有用的。例如，文档集合中包含不同语言的文档时。再次强调，打算使用索引的查询必须措辞匹配，例如，WHERE to_tsvector(config_name, body) @@ 'a & b'与索引中的to_tsvector措辞匹配。 索引甚至可以连接列： 1 postgres=# CREATE INDEX pgweb_idx_3 ON tsearch.pgweb USING gin(to_tsvector('english', title || ' ' || body)); 另一个方法是创建一个单独的tsvector列控制to_tsvector的输出。下面的例子是title和body的连接， 当其它是NULL的时候，使用coalesce确保一个字段仍然会被索引： 1 2 postgres=# ALTER TABLE tsearch.pgweb ADD COLUMN textsearchable_index_col tsvector; postgres=# UPDATE tsearch.pgweb SET textsearchable_index_col = to_tsvector('english', coalesce(title,'') || ' ' || coalesce(body,'')); 然后为加速搜索创建一个GIN索引： 1 postgres=# CREATE INDEX textsearch_idx_4 ON tsearch.pgweb USING gin(textsearchable_index_col); 现在，就可以执行一个快速全文搜索了： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 postgres=# SELECT title FROM tsearch.pgweb WHERE textsearchable_index_col @@ to_tsquery('north & america') ORDER BY last_mod_date DESC LIMIT 10; title -------- Canada Mexico (2 rows) 相比于一个表达式索引，单独列方法的一个优势是：它没有必要在查询时明确指定分词器以便能使用索引。正如上面例子所示，查询可以依赖于default_text_search_config。另一个优势是搜索比较快速，因为它没有必要重新利用to_tsvector调用来验证索引匹配。表达式索引方法更容易建立，且它需要较少的磁盘空间，因为tsvector形式没有明确存储。 父主题： 表和索引

创建索引 为了加速文本搜索，可以创建GIN索引。 1 CREATE INDEX pgweb_idx_1 ON tsearch.pgweb USING gin(to_tsvector('english', body)); to_tsvector()函数有两个版本，只输一个参数的版本和输两个参数的版本。 只输一个参数时，系统默认采用default_text_search_config所指定的分词器。 创建索引时必须使用to_tsvector的两参数版本，否则索引内容可能不一致。只有指定了分词器名称的全文检索函数才可以在索引表达式中使用。因为索引的内容不受default_text_search_config的影响。由于default_text_search_config的值可以随时调整，从而导致不同条目生成的tsvector采用了不同的分词器，并且无法区分究竟使用了哪个分词器。正确地转储和恢复这样的索引也是不支持的。 在上述创建索引中to_tsvector使用了两个参数，只有当查询时也使用了两个参数，且参数值与索引中相同时，才会使用该索引。例如，WHERE to_tsvector('english', body) @@ 'a & b' 可以使用索引，但WHERE to_tsvector(body) @@ 'a & b'不能使用索引。这确保索引各条目是使用相同的分词器创建的。 索引中的分词器名称由另一列指定时可以建立更复杂的表达式索引。例如： 1 CREATE INDEX pgweb_idx_2 ON tsearch.pgweb USING gin(to_tsvector('zhparser', body)); 本示例中zhparser仅支持UTF8/GBK的数据库编码格式，在Encoding为SQL_ASCII下会报错。 其中body是pgweb表中的一列。当对索引的各条目使用了哪个分词器进行记录时，允许在同一索引中存在混合分词器。在某些场景下这将是有用的。例如，文档集合中包含不同语言的文档时。再次强调，打算使用索引的查询必须措辞匹配，例如，WHERE to_tsvector(config_name, body) @@ 'a & b'与索引中的to_tsvector措辞匹配。 索引甚至可以连接列： 1 CREATE INDEX pgweb_idx_3 ON tsearch.pgweb USING gin(to_tsvector('english', title || ' ' || body)); 另一个方法是创建一个单独的tsvector列控制to_tsvector的输出。下面的例子是title和body的连接， 当其它是NULL的时候，使用coalesce确保一个字段仍然会被索引： 12 ALTER TABLE tsearch.pgweb ADD COLUMN textsearchable_index_col tsvector;UPDATE tsearch.pgweb SET textsearchable_index_col = to_tsvector('english', coalesce(title,'') || ' ' || coalesce(body,'')); 然后为加速搜索创建一个GIN索引： 1 CREATE INDEX textsearch_idx_4 ON tsearch.pgweb USING gin(textsearchable_index_col); 现在，就可以执行一个快速全文搜索了： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011 SELECT title FROM tsearch.pgweb WHERE textsearchable_index_col @@ to_tsquery('science & Computer') ORDER BY last_mod_date DESC LIMIT 10; title -------- Computer science(1 rows) 相比于一个表达式索引，单独列方法的一个优势是：它没有必要在查询时明确指定分词器以便能使用索引。正如上面例子所示，查询可以依赖于default_text_search_config。另一个优势是搜索比较快速，因为它没有必要重新利用to_tsvector调用来验证索引匹配。表达式索引方法更容易建立，且它需要较少的磁盘空间，因为tsvector形式没有明确存储。 父主题： 表和索引